# Angular-ordered shower¶

## Using the angular-ordered shower¶

The angular-ordered shower is switched on by default in all input files. The setup is stored in the /Herwig/Shower/ directory of the repository. If not provided by default in an event handler object, it can explicitly be used by setting the CascadeHandler interface e.g. as:

set EventHandler:CascadeHandler /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler


## Evaluating uncertainties¶

The renormalization and factorization scales used in the shower may be varied by changing the value of $$\small x$$ in:

set /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler:RenormalizationScaleFactor x
set /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler:FactorizationScaleFactor x


This factor is applied according to $$\small \mu^{\mathrm{new}}_{\mathrm{R/F}} = x \mu_{\mathrm{R/F}}$$ and by default $$\small x=1.0$$. These scales should be varied in the same way as their counterparts in the hard process, as is done in the MuUp.in and MuDown.in input file snippets. In addition to these scale variations, it is possible to also vary the hard scale in the shower with:

set /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler:HardScaleFactor x


This changes the maximum allowed transverse momentum for shower emissions to $$\small p_{T \mathrm{new}}^{\max} = x p_T^{\max}$$. Note that in NLO matched processes, this transverse momentum limit applies to emissions generated by the parton shower splitting kernels only, i.e. it is applied to MC@NLO S events but not POWHEG style S events. Further details of shower uncertainties in a matched context are discussed in the matching section of this tutorial.

## On-the-fly reweighting for scale variations¶

On-the-fly reweighting for scale variations can be performed using:

cd /Herwig/Shower
do ShowerHandler:AddVariation NameOfVariation xiR xiF {Hard,Secondary,All}


where NameOfVariation is a string tag identifying the weight in the extended HepMC record, and xiF and xiR are the repsective factors multiplying the arguments of the strong coupling and the PDF in the shower. The last variable identifies whether the reweighting is to be applied to showering of the hard process (Hard), the showering of secondary interactions (Secondary) or both of them (All).

The convergence of reweighted distributions can be enhanced by using a detuining factor e.g.:

set SplittingGenerator:Detuning 2.0


at a slight expense in overall run time. Please cite arXiv:1605.08256 when using the shower reweighting feature.

Since Herwig 7.0 the angular-ordered shower includes QED radiation, and the YFS module SOPHTY has been switched off by default. QCD and QED radiation can be switched separately using:

set /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler:Interactions QCD
set /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler:Interactions QED
set /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler:Interactions QCDandQED


## Spin and soft correlations¶

Since Herwig 7.0 the angular-ordered shower includes spin correlations in the collinear limit, as well as azimuthal correlations for multiple soft gluon emissions.

The spin correlations can be switched off using:

set /Herwig/Shower/ShowerHandler:SpinCorrelations No


The Matchbox module is capable of filling the respective spin density matrices at leading order, while we cannot provide these at NLO at the moment. See the matching section for more details.

## Kinematic Reconstruction and POWHEG¶

By default the $$\tilde{q}$$ shower attempts to preserve the mass of decaying particles during the kinematic reconstruction by separately generating the shower from the hard production process and any decays, for example in the process $$q\bar{q}\to Z^0 h^0\to q\bar{q} h^0$$ the mass of the $$q\bar{q}$$ system, i.e. the $$Z^0$$ would be preserved. In some cases when additional QCD radiation has been generated this may not be sensible as it is impossible to tell if the radiation is from the production or decay. In particularly if the system is highly off-shell, for example in $$pp\to t \bar{b} j$$ in might not be necessary to preserve the mass of the $$t \bar{b}$$ system which can come from a highly off-shell $$W^+$$ boson, and trying to do this can cause problems with QCD radiation particularly in POWHEG processes. In order to switch off the splitting of the hard process into production and decay processes the switch:

set /Herwig/Generators/EventGenerator:EventHandler:CascadeHandler:SplitHardProcess No


In POWHEG processes generated using the Matchbox machinery where this is relevant if the radiation is interpreted as being generated in a decay process this cannot currently be included. In this case either the splitting of hard processes into production and decay needs to be disable as above, or this class of event either vetoed using

set /Herwig/Generators/EventGenerator:EventHandler:CascadeHandler:DecayRadiation VetoEvent


or throwing the radiation away is required

set /Herwig/Generators/EventGenerator:EventHandler:CascadeHandler:DecayRadiation VetoRadiation


None of these switches should be used by default and if you get error messages that they are required for the process you are simulating please contact us for advice on simulating the process.